Adolescents in Bangladesh: A situation analysis of programmatic approaches to sexual and reproductive health education and services

The health of Bangladesh’s 29.5 million adolescents, who make up nearly one-fifth of the country’s total population, is critical to the country’s future, but issues surrounding adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) remain taboo. ASRH initiatives have been implemented by both the Government of Bangladesh and nongovernmental organizations, but with limited coordination, documentation, or evaluation, making it difficult to know what worked well and what did not. This report presents findings from a comprehensive review and situation analysis of ASRH programming in Bangladesh, carried out by the Evidence Project/Population Council, with financial support from USAID/Bangladesh, as part of a larger research initiative on “Improved Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) Outcomes in Bangladesh.” The objective of the review was to identify programmatic and evidence gaps, as well as best practices, and support the development of effective, inclusive, and sustainable ASRH programs that can operate at scale

Radial thresholding to mitigate Laser-Guide-Star aberrations on Centre-of-Gravity-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors

Sodium Laser Guide Stars (LGSs) are elongated sources due to the thickness and the finite distance of the sodium layer. The fluctuations of the sodium layer altitude and atom density profile induce errors on centroid measurements of elongated spots, and generate spurious optical aberrations in closed--loop adaptive optics (AO) systems. According to an analytical model and experimental results obtained with the University of Victoria LGS bench demonstrator, one of the main origins of these aberrations, referred to as LGS aberrations, is not the Centre-of-Gravity (CoG) algorithm itself, but the thresholding applied on the pixels of the image prior to computing the spot centroids. A new thresholding method, termed ``radial thresholding'', is presented here, cancelling out most of the LGS aberrations without altering the centroid measurement accuracy.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Letter from NY Law Faculty in Support of Diploma Privilege

For more information, please refer to Karen Sloan\u27s article, Hundreds of New York Law Professors Endorse Emergency Diploma Privilege, published by the New York Law Journal and appearing on Law.com on July 22, 2020. Additional Signatories: Susan Abraham (New York Law School), Michelle Adams (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Miriam Albert (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Jose E. Alvarez (New York University School of Law), Claudia Angelos (New York University Law School), Deborah Archer (New York University Law School), Jennifer Arlen (New York University Law School), Anna Arons (New York University Law School), Jonathan Askin (Brooklyn Law School), Barbara L. Atwell (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Aditi Bagchi (Fordham University School of Law), Rachel Barkow (New York University Law School), Melynda Barnhart (New York Law School), John Q. Barrett (St. John’s University School of Law), Christine P. Bartholomew (University at Buffalo School of Law), Mark Bartholomew (University at Buffalo School of Law), Jennifer Baum (St. John’s University School of Law), Christopher Beauchamp (Brooklyn Law School), Debra Bechtel (Brooklyn Law School), Edith Beerdsen (New York University School of Law), Peter A. Bell (Syracuse University College of Law), Lenni Benson (New York Law School), Paula Berg (City University of New York School of Law), Anya Bernstein (University at Buffalo School of Law), Beryl Blaustone (City University of New York School of Law) Susan Block-Lieb Cooper (Fordham University School of Law), Pamela Bookman (Fordham University School of Law), Rebecca M. Bratspies (City University of New York School of Law), Ray Brescia (Albany Law School), Richard Briffault (Columbia Law School), William Brooks (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Emily Brown (Syracuse University College of Law), James J. Brudney (Fordham University School of Law), Christopher Buccafusco (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Jessica Bulman-Pozen Betts (Columbia Law School), Keith Bybee (Syracuse University College of Law), Gina M. Calabrese (St. John’s University School of Law), Janet M. Calvo (City University of New York School of Law), Ann Cammett (City University of New York School of Law) Juli Campagna (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Bennett Capers (Fordham University School of Law), Stacy Caplow (Brooklyn Law School), Rosa Castello (St. John’s University School of Law), Oscar G. Chase (New York University School of Law), Asima Chaudhary (City University of New York School of Law), Nina Chernoff (City University of New York School of Law), Elaine Chiu (St. John’s University School of Law), Wilfred U. Codrington III (Brooklyn Law School), Jim Cohen (Fordham University School of Law), Jeffrey M. Colon (Fordham University School of Law), Jordana Confino (Fordham University School of Law), George W. Conk (Fordham University School of Law), Elizabeth B. Cooper (Fordham University School of Law), Briane Cornish (Brooklyn Law School), Bridget J. Crawford (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Laura E. Cunningham (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Noel B. Cunningham (New York University School of Law), Jason J. Czarnezki (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Matthew D\u27Amore (Cornell Law School), Alina Das (New York University School of Law), Lisa Davis (City University of New York School of Law), Christian C. Day (Syracuse University College of Law), Brett M. Dignam (Columbia Law School), Rebekah Diller (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Shane Dizon (Brooklyn Law School), Laura Dooley (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Ryan Dooley (City University of New York School of Law), David Dorfman (Elisabeth Haub Law School at Pace University), Doron Dorfman (Syracuse University College of Law), Helen Agnes Drew (University at Buffalo School of Law), Catharine Du Bois (Brooklyn Law School), Catherine Baylin Duryea (St John\u27s University School of Law), Robin Effron (Brooklyn Law School), Elizabeth F. Emens (Columbia Law School), Richard A. Epstein (New York University School of Law), Howard Erichson (Fordham University School of Law), Jeffrey Fagan (Columbia Law School), Golnaz Fakhimi (City University of New York School of Law), John D. Feerick (Fordham University School of Law), Dave Fields (City University of New York School of Law), Martin Flaherty (Fordham University School of Law), Katherine Franke (Columbia Law School), Eric M. Freedman (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Barry Friedman (New York University School of Law), Jeanne Fromer (New York University School of Law), Kellen Funk (Columbia Law School), Raquel Gabriel (City University of New York School of Law), Paolo Galizzi (Fordham University School of Law), James A. Gardner (University at Buffalo School of Law), David Garland (New York University School of Law), Mark A. Geistfeld (New York University School of Law), Philip M. Genty (Columbia Law School), Doni Gewirtzman (New York Law School), Shubha Ghosh (Syracuse University College of Law), Maeve Glass (Columbia Law School), Cynthia Godsoe (Brooklyn Law School), Rachel T. Goldberg (Cornell Law School), Elizabeth Goldman (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Julie Goldscheid (City University of New York School of Law), Ann Goldweber (St. John\u27s University School of Law), Natalie Gomez-Velez (City University of New York School of Law), Jennifer Gordon (Fordham University School of Law), Lauryn Gouldin (Syracuse University College of Law), Elayne E. Greenberg (St. John’s University School of Law), Michelle Greenberg-Kobrin (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Abner Greene (Fordham University School of Law), Jamal Greene (Columbia Law School), Lissa Griffin (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Jill Gross (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Lisa Grumet (New York Law School), Martin Guggenheim (New York University School of Law), Jennifer A. Gundlach (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Hugh C. Hansen (Fordham University School of Law), Bernard E. Harcourt (Columbia Law School), Jonathan Harris (New York University School of Law), Melina Healey (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Julia Hernandez (City University of New York School of Law), Tanya Hernandez (Fordham University School of Law), Helen Hershkoff (New York University School of Law), Randy Hertz (New York University School of Law), Robert A. Heverly (Albany Law School), Michael F. Higgins (University at Buffalo School of Law), Tracy Higgins (Fordham University School of Law), Alexis Hoag (Columbia Law School), Martha R. Hochberger (New York Law School), Babe Howell (City University of New York School of Law), Rob Howse (New York University School of Law), Bert I. Huang (Columbia Law School), Carmen Huertas (City University of New York School of Law), Kyron Huigens (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Tarek Z. Ismail (City University of New York School of Law), Conrad Johnson (Columbia Law School), Paula C. Johnson (Syracuse University College of Law), Kathryn Judge (Columbia Law School), Mitchell Kane (New York University School of Law), Arlene S. Kanter (Syracuse University College of Law), Ramzi Kassem (City University of New York School of Law), Constantine N. Katsoris (Fordham University School of Law), Avery Katz (Columbia Law School), Eileen Kaufman (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Florence Kerner (City University of New York School of Law), Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Richard Klein (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Kate Klonick (St. John’s University School of Law), Lewis Kornhauser (New York University School of Law), Minna Kotkin (Brooklyn Law School), Anita S. Krishnakumar (St. John’s University School of Law), Rebecca M. Kysar (Fordham University School of Law), Sarah Lamdan (City University of New York School of Law), Christine Lazaro (St. John’s University School of Law), Donna Lee (City University of New York School of Law), Nicole Lefton (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Arthur S. Leonard (New York Law School), Michael Lewyn (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Theo Liebmann (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Edward Lloyd (Columbia Law School), Stephen Loffredo (City University of New York School of Law), Grace M. Lozito (Fordham University School of Law), Shirley Lung (City University of New York School of Law), Mary Lynch (Albany Law School), James Macleod (Brooklyn Law School), Kevin Maillard (Syracuse), Matthew Main (City University of New York School of Law), Deborah C. Malamud (New York University School of Law), Michael W. Martin (Fordham University School of Law), Princess Masilungan (City University of New York School of Law), Camille Massey (City University of New York School of Law), Nancy Maurer (Albany Law School), Andrea McArdle (City University of New York School of Law), Justin McCrary (Columbia Law School), Thomas M. McDonnell (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Kevin McElroy (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Peggy McGuinness (St. John’s University School of Law), Estelle M. McKee (Cornell Law School), Mary Helen McNeal (Syracuse University College of Law), Suzette M. Melendez (Syracuse University College of Law), Gillian Metzger (Columbia Law School), Chi Adanna Mgbako (Fordham University School of Law), Flora Midwood (Brooklyn Law School), Kathryn Miller (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Meredith R. Miller (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Joshua Mitts (Columbia Law School), Kate Mogulescu (Brooklyn Law School), Laura Mott (City University of New York School of Law), Elora Mukherjee (Columbia Law School), Erin Murphy (New York University School of Law), Jessica R. Murray (Syracuse University College of Law), Justin Murray (New York Law School), Melissa Murray (New York University School of Law), Michael B. Mushlin (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Athena D. Mutua (University at Buffalo School of Law), Smita Narula (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Lindsay Nash (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Robert Nassau (Syracuse University College of Law), Burt Neuborne (New York University School of Law), Elizabeth Nevins (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Leslie Newman (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Jacqueline Nolan-Haley (Fordham University School of Law), Tracy L. Norton (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Anthony O\u27Rourke (University at Buffalo School of Law), Jonathan Oberman (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Ngozi Okidegbe (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Judith Olin (University at Buffalo School of Law), Nancy K. Ota (Albany Law School), Jason Parkin (City University of New York School of Law), G. Michael Parsons (New York University School of Law), Frank A. Pasquale (Brooklyn Law School), Russell G. Pearce (Fordham University School of Law), Deborah Pearlstein (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Talia Peleg (City University of New York School of Law), Katharina Pistor (Columbia Law School), Margot Pollans (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Karen Porter (Brooklyn Law School), David Pozen (Columbia Law School), Edward A. Purcell, Jr. (New York Law School), Paul Radvany (Fordham University School of Law), Aziz Rana (Cornell Law School), Martha Rayner (Fordham University School of Law), LaVonda Reed (Syracuse University College of Law), David J. Reiss (Brooklyn Law School), Alice Ristroph (Brooklyn Law School), Allie Robbins (City University of New York School of Law), Nicholas A. Robinson (Eisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Ruthann Robson (City University of New York School of Law), Sarah Rogerson (Albany Law School), Joseph A. Rosenberg (City University of New York School of Law), Merrick Rossein (City University of New York School of Law), Leif Rubinstein (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), David Rudenstine (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Laura Sager (New York University School of Law), Rosemary Salomone (St. John’s University School of Law), Leslie Salzman (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Faraz Sanei (New York University School of Law), Carol Sanger (Columbia Law School), Margaret L. Satterthwaite (New York University School of Law), John Henry Schlegel (University at Buffalo School of Law), Elizabeth Schneider (Brooklyn Law School), Jeanne Schroeder (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Jason Schultz (New York University School of Law), Beth G. Schwartz (Fordham University School of Law), Elizabeth Scott (Columbia Law School), Helen S. Scott (New York University School of Law), Robert E Scott (Columbia Law School), Anthony Sebok (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Courtney Selby (St. John’s University School of Law), Rena Seplowitz (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), John Sexton (New York University School of Law), Houman Shadab (New York Law School), Colleen Shanahan (Columbia Law School), Jeremy Sheff (St. John’s University School of Law), Theodore Silver (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Jocelyn Simonson (Brooklyn Law School), Janet Sinder (Brooklyn Law School), Charisa Smith (City University of New York School of Law), Rachel H. Smith (St. John’s University School of Law), Jeff Sovern (St. John’s University School of Law), Jane M. Spinak (Columbia Law School), Christopher Sprigman (New York University School of Law), Edward Stein (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), John Paul Steines Jr. (New York University School of Law), Jed Stiglitz (Cornell Law School), Katherine Strandburg (New York University School of Law), Susan Sturm (Columbia Law School), Daniel E Subotnik (Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center), Deborah Sundquist O’Malley (Syracuse University College of Law), Olivier Sylvain (Fordham University School of Law), Mary Szto (Syracuse University College of Law), Mateo Taussig-Rubbo (University at Buffalo School of Law), Nelson Tebbe (Cornell Law School), Ruti Teitel (New York Law School), Leslie Y. Garfield Tenzer (Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University), Maria Termini (Brooklyn Law School), Steven Thel (Fordham University School of Law), Kendall Thomas (Columbia University), Monica Todd (Syracuse University), Erin Tomlinson (City University of New York School of Law), Cora True-Frost (Syracuse University College of Law), Jacob Victor (Albany Law School), Rachel Vorspan (Fordham University School of Law), Amy Wallace (New York Law School), Matthew Wansley (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Ettie Ward (St. John’s University School of Law), G. Ray Warner (St. John’s University School of Law), Daniel Warshawsky (New York Law School), Ian Weinstein (Fordham University School of Law), Samuel N. Weinstein (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Richard H. Weisberg (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Robert Wertheimer (Cornell Law School), John Whitlow (City University of New York School of Law), Andrew Williams (New York University School of Law), Rev. Dr. Yvette Wilson-Barnes (City University of New York School of Law), Charles M. Yablon (Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law), Ellen Yaroshefsky (Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University), Steven Zeidman (City University of New York School of Law), Benjamin C. Zipursky (Fordham University School of Law

NFIRAOS: TMT's facility adaptive optics system

NFIRAOS, the TMT Observatory's initial facility AO system is a multi-conjugate AO system feeding science light from 0.8 to 2.5 microns wavelength to several near-IR client instruments. NFIRAOS has two deformable mirrors optically conjugated to 0 and 11.2 km, and will correct atmospheric turbulence with 50 per cent sky coverage at the galactic pole. An important requirement is to have very low background: the plan is to cool the optics; and one DM is on a tip/tilt stage to reduce surface count. NFIRAOS' real time control uses multiple sodium laser wavefront sensors and up to three IR natural guide star tip/tilt and/or tip/tilt/focus sensors located within each client instrument. Extremely large telescopes are sensitive to errors due to the variability of the sodium layer. To reduce this sensitivity, NFIRAOS uses innovative algorithms coupled with Truth wavefront sensors to monitor a natural star at low bandwidth. It also includes an IR acquisition camera, and a high speed NGS WFS for operation without lasers. For calibration, NFIRAOS includes simulators of both natural stars at infinity and laser guide stars at varying range distance. Because astrometry is an important science programme for NFIRAOS, there is a precision pinhole mask deployable at the input focal plane. This mask is illuminated by a science wavelength and flat-field calibrator that shines light into NFIRAOS' entrance window. We report on recent effort especially including trade studies to reduce field distortion in the science path and to reduce cost and complexity

Drivers of Change or Cut-Throat Competitors? Challenging Cultures of Innovation of Chinese and Nigerian Migrant Entrepreneurs in West Africa

L'afflux remarquable des entrepreneurs migrants chinois dans différents pays d'Afrique occidentale au cours des dernières années a été heurtée à une résistance de plus en plus farouche par des entrepreneurs locaux établis. Que le premiers ont un avantage concurrentiel sur ce dernier en raison de traits socio-culturels distinctifs, ou si l'efficacité supposée chinoise est juste une caractéristique de toutes les diasporas mercantiles, est ouvert à la question. Cette étude exploratoire des migrants entrepreneuriales chinois et nigérians au Ghana et au Bénin tente de répondre à cette question. Apparemment, les forces culturels des agents du changement migrants ne sont pas limités à des systèmes de valeurs héritées ou religions, comme une éthique protestante ou le confucianisme, mais ils sont adaptés en permanence et ont inventé de nouveau par des réseaux transnationaux de la migration dans un monde globalisé. Il n'y a aucune preuve d'une prétendue supériorité de la culture d’innovation chinois par rapport aux cultures d’innovation africains des migrants entrepreneuriales. Plutôt, il existe une capacité accrue d'innovation d'une diaspora mercantile en général vis à vis des entrepreneurs locaux, indépendamment de l'origine de la culture nationale dans lequel il est intégré. En outre, la rivalité des entrepreneurs migrants chinois et nigérians dans les marchés africains ne conduit pas nécessairement à la concurrence coupe-gorge souvent suspectée sous l'impact de la mondialisation. Souvent, les deux groupes agissent plutôt complémentaires. Cela contribue, sous certaines conditions, même à la réduction de la pauvreté dans le pays d'accueil

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model